The name definition of Swiss type CNC lathe
Swiss CNC lathe, the full name is swiss type CNC lathe, abbreviated as swiss lathe, scientific name definition: sliding headstock CNC lathe machine.
The lathe's sliding headstock originated in Switzerland and is known internationally as a Swiss precision automatic lathe.
Most swiss cnc lathes could turning and milling in longitudinal axis , so it is also called a longitudinal CNC lathe in the Chinese market.
Because the standard configuration of the swiss CNC lathe is equipped with a side rotary power head, it can complete the milling process, also known as the swiss type turning and milling composite lathe.
Principle of swiss cnc lathe
1.The difference between Swiss type CNC lathe and Gang type CNC lathe
Both Swiss type CNC lathe and Gang type CNC lathe are Horizontal CNC lathes.
The traditional CNC lathes are mainly based on the knife moving and cutting mode, which is called the Gang type lathe.
In terms of loading and clamping material, it is divided into: manipulator, bar feeder and manual loading, etc .;
However, the single clamping position of the product is always the same, and multiple feedings cannot be performed. The product can only be processed by the rotation of the C axis of the spindle and the Z / X / Y movement from the tool post.
For long shaft products, only the ejector pin facing the end surface and the additional installation of the follower bracket can be used, but in the end it is difficult to achieve the desired accuracy and complete the product process requirements at one time.
However the carbide tools of swiss CNC lathe is always in a fixed position. The product is processed by the forward and backward movement of the spindle Z axis and the C axis rotation. It supports multiple feeds of raw material. In this theory, the length of a single product can reach the maximum length of a single material supported by the feeder.
At present, the longest single product made by JIANKE swiss cnc lathe is made of 45 # stainless steel, with a diameter of 20mm and a length of 1780mm.
Therefore, compared with the gang type lathe, the round bar material feeds axially through the center of guide bush during the turning of the swiss lathe. The cutting point of the tool is close to the end of the guide bush. Good rigidity, eliminating the deformation of the bar material under the cutting pressure of the tool which guarantees the accuracy of the part. There is an absolute advantage in processing slender shaft parts.
The requirements of raw materials for swiss CNC lathe
Under normal cases, the swiss lathe only supports batch processing of long bars (Each of 2-4 meters); it cannot process a material of single piece like the gang type lathe. At the same time, because the bar material needs to pass through the entire main shaft, chuck, and guide bushing, the swiss lathe requires higher straightness and ovality of the raw materials.
Generally it need 2 to 4 meters of polished bar, surface roughness is not more than Ra2.5, bar diameter tolerance within 0.020mm, the roundness of each bar is the smallest tolerance size of the product 1/3 ~ 1 / 2. Taper changes within 0.020 mm.
The above tables and parameters are only applicable to most products and materials and are for reference only. The actual processing can appropriately relax or tighten the requirements for raw materials according to the tolerance requirements and process arrangements of the final product.
The difference between Guide bush mode and No guide bush mode
Because swiss lathe uses long bar material for processing, there needs to be a margin at the end of the entire material to allow the collet clamp to hold the space. Therefore, the swiss lathe will waste some tail material.
The whole series of JIANKE swiss CNC lathe equipped with the function of two machining modes: rotary guide bush (Swiss type) and No guide bush (Gang type).
Structure of swiss CNC lathe machining area
The structure of the swiss CNC lathe machining area consists of the main/sub spindles and the tool post base.
1.Main Spindle: with Z 1 axis movement and C 1 axis arbitrary indexing rotation and positioning which support multiple feeds of material;
2. Sub-spindle: with Z 2 and X 2 axis movement directions and C2 axis arbitrary indexing rotation and positioning, could support main spindle in processing, material receiving, and second operation procedures with the help of sub spindle tool post. Sub spindle has independent control channels and complementary interventions with the main spindle , which could achieve simultaneous processing of both spindles and shorten the overall processing efficiency of the product.
① Turning tool: It is located on the spindle tool post, which can realize the process of slot, outer diameter, thread, and cutting.
②, side power head: located on the spindle tool holder can be used for drilling, tapping, sawing, milling, slot milling, etc. Some models support plug-in expansion function, and can be equipped with end power head, cyclone milling , Angle power first-class institutions, complete more complex process requirements.
③ End face fixing seat: It is located on the end face of the spindle tool post, with the product center as the center, and with the C 1 axis rotation of the spindle, it can perform drilling, tapping, boring and other process requirements on the product.
④ Countershaft end milling seat: It is located on the countershaft tool post. Through the Y2 axis of the tool post and the X2, Z2 and C2 axes of the sub-spindle, the product can be drilled, tapped, slotted, milled, milled Slot processing and other processes, all series models support plug-in expansion functions.
The model name of the swiss lathe is generally named by the equipment's largest processing diameter, the number of spindles and the number of moving axes.
1. Processing diameter range:
Since the swiss lathe uses long bar material as the raw material, and the raw material passes through the spindle, in order to make the machining accuracy more stable, the swiss lathe determines the processing range according to the eccentricity, spindle power, and spindle speed of different diameter materials.
At present, the largest diameter models of domestically produced swiss lathes in China are 12, 16, 20, 25/26, 32mm.
2. Number of moving axes and spindles:
Conventional swiss lathes are divided into single-spindle NC swiss lathes and dual-spindle NC swiss lathes according to the number of spindles.
The single-spindle traversing machine is composed of the Z axis of the main shaft and the X and Y axes of the tool post. Therefore, it is also called a three-axis traversing machine. It is equipped with a turning tool, a side power head and an end boring tool holder as standard.
Single Spindle Swiss type CNC lathe
Double-spindle traversing machine In addition to the single-spindle traversing machine with X, Y, and Z moving axes, a secondary spindle and multiple moving axes are added. Controlled by two or more independent system channels, more complex and diverse products can be completed.
In terms of processing capacity, the single-spindle swiss lathe can only complete the process of five sides of the product, and the cut surface cannot be processed. When cutting the product, it is affected by the eccentricity when the product rotates and the weight of the product. Before passing the center point of the product, the product has broken off by itself due to centrifugal force and product's own weight, so there will be tail nails and burrs. If the product is more demanding, secondary processing and deburring will be needed.
On the basis of the single-spindle completion process, the dual-spindle core traversing machine takes the products of the main shaft from the sub-spindle and processes the sixth surface on the tool holder of the sub-spindle. At the same time, the sub-spindle is an independent channel. After the sub-spindle is connected to the product of the main shaft, the main spindle immediately starts processing the next product. The sub-spindle runs at the same time to process the sixth surface. s efficiency.
At present, the domestically produced conventional swiss lathes have a maximum of six moving axes. In 2015, Nanjing Jianke Machinery independently developed and invented a nine-axis CNC swiss lathe that supports up to nine moving axes. It is controlled by three independent channels and has been awarded an invention patent, representing the highest level of Chinese corrugating machine.
The conventional naming format of each swiss lathe manufacturer is (maximum machining diameter)-(number of moving axes)
So taking the maximum machining diameter of 20mm as an example, the single spindle is named 20-3, the dual spindle is named 20-4, 20-5, and so on.
Structure and advantages of tool holder row
The arrangement of the turret tool holder is divided into a side row knife structure and a side row knife structure according to the cutting direction of the turning tool.
Side cutter
Advantages: Because the tools are evenly distributed on both sides, the switching stroke between the tools is short. For products with a large number of tools and frequent tool switching, the processing efficiency is slightly saved.
Disadvantages: The tool is cut in from the side, and it is easy to cause the chip to be entangled with the material that is difficult to break (such as aluminum), which will cause the equipment to stop processing.
The tools are tightly arranged, and the expansion function cannot be used.
Horizontal knife
Advantages: The tool is cut in from the top. Compared with the side row cutter structure, it is easier to remove chips and the cutting rigidity is stronger.
The cutters are lined up, and the distance between the power heads is relatively sufficient, supporting various plug-in expansion functions.
Disadvantages: Because the tools are all above the tool holder, the tool travel is longer. Compared with the side-row tool structure, the time it takes to slightly increase the tool when the tool is frequently changed.
Structure of automatic bar feeder
The swiss lathe only supports the processing of long bar material feeding, and the long bar material will advance and retreat with the movement of the spindle.
The feeders suitable for swiss lathes are divided into chain feeders and oil film feeders.
Chain feeding is relatively cheap, suitable for companies with low product accuracy requirements and no requirements for environmental noise pollution.
The oil film feeder can ensure the stability of material rotation and reduce noise pollution when the material rotates at high speed by sealing the material in the material tank and continuously injecting lubricant into the material tank.
Seven, the advantages and application areas
1.Advantages of swiss lathe
To sum up, compared with traditional swiss lathe, the swiss lathe has the following advantages:
① Long-term automatic operation: With the automatic feeding and automatic material changing of the feeder, it can realize 24-hour startup operation, removing the work content such as tool replacement and maintenance, and the actual processing running time can reach 20-22 hours;
② Labor saving: The swiss lathe can complete the combined processing of turning, milling, drilling, boring, tapping, engraving, etc. at the same time, and integrates the processing of multiple traditional types of equipment in one process. One device can replace multiple devices, which can realize one person Look at 5-10 swiss lathes to reduce labor costs;
③, improve the pass rate: due to the combination of turning and turning and milling and automation, the consistency of product processing is stronger, the accuracy deviation caused by multiple processes and multiple clampings is avoided, and the product caused by factors such as reducing the emotion of workers High scrap rate. At the same time, the walking mode of the swiss lathe guarantees the accuracy requirements of the shaft products, which cannot be replaced by the traditional swiss lathe;
④, high efficiency: multi-channel and multi-spindle can run at the same time, effectively improve the processing efficiency of the product, and create more product value for customers.
2. Application areas
The swiss lathe combined with the automatic feeder can realize 24-hour start-up operation. According to the characteristics of the swiss lathe that can complete the combined processing of turning, milling, drilling, boring, tapping, and engraving at the same time, it can complete multiple batches and high complexity products at once, greatly Save labor costs, improve processing efficiency and product qualification rate. Slotting machine is mainly used for batch processing of non-standard non-standard pieces of precision hardware and shafts in the medical, military, auto parts, hardware, electronics, clocks, communications and other industries.
